Blazin' Grazin' And Other Wild Things

The traditional spring burn window may be keeping land managers from accomplishing as much as they could with prescribed fire. University of Nebraska professor and rangeland ecologist Dirac Twidwell Ph.D. joins John Weir, Laura Goodman Ph.D. and Mark Turner Ph.D. to examine how fire behavior, burn-unit design, wind, drought, fuels and season interact—and why a calendar date or simple weather threshold does not tell the whole story about whether a burn can be safely and effectively completed. The conversation also tackles eastern redcedar and woody encroachment from a different direction: manage the seed source before the pasture becomes a cedar problem. Twidwell explains why most new redcedar recruitment occurs relatively close to mature seed-producing trees, why mechanical removal without follow-up can quickly lose its value, and how prescribed fire can protect intact grasslands before restoration costs climb. It is a practical discussion about replacing one-size-fits-all fire rules with better planning, better risk management and earlier action. Key takeaways for the episode description Burn season does not have to mean spring. Growing-season and fall fire can provide additional opportunities when management objectives, fuels, weather and preparation align. Burn-unit design changes risk. Twidwell argues that weather numbers alone cannot describe fire risk; fuel arrangement, firebreaks, volatile woody fuels and potential ember travel matter. Wind deserves special attention. Wind can greatly increase ember transport, making it a critical factor in spot-fire potential. Growing-season fire behaves differently. Green vegetation, precipitation and soil moisture can influence summer fire behavior in ways that dormant-season rules based heavily on relative humidity may not capture. Prescribed fire prescriptions should evolve. The group questions whether guidelines developed decades ago should automatically define every acceptable burn today. More available burn days can mean more fire accomplished. Expanding the calendar can help landowners work around cattle operations, labor demands and narrow spring weather windows. Eastern redcedar prevention is cheaper than restoration. Protecting intact grasslands before dense encroachment develops can avoid much larger future treatment costs. Manage the seed source, not just visible cedar cover. Mature seed-producing trees can influence surrounding grassland well before the landscape looks heavily invaded. Cutting trees without follow-up is not a complete plan. Seedlings and surviving seed sources can rapidly reestablish woody cover after mechanical treatment. Fire management needs long-term planning. Fire frequency, treatment follow-up and landscape-scale cooperation matter more than viewing a single burn as a finished project. Detailed timestamped rundown 00:00-02:59 — Introduction and episode setup. Sponsors are recognized, the hosts are introduced, and Dirac Twidwell is framed as a rangeland and fire ecologist whose career has challenged assumptions about prescribed fire, wildfire risk and woody encroachment. 02:59-08:08 — Twidwell’s path into fire ecology. Twidwell explains how an engineering- and science-oriented undergraduate environment led him toward ecology, Missouri conservation work and eventually Oklahoma State University. He discusses early mentors and his transition into fire research across Oklahoma, Texas and Nebraska. 08:09-13:13 — Extreme fire experiments challenge an assumption. The conversation turns to research asking whether prescribed fire could kill larger cedar trees. Twidwell describes using fire behavior and ember-transport science to redesign experimental burn areas and safely study more intense fires. 13:15-15:33 — Old prescriptions meet changing conditions. Twidwell discusses low-wind burning, ember movement and why prescribed-fire practices developed decades ago deserve continued testing, especially as drought, atmospheric demand and weather extremes change. 15:34-20:40 — Expanding fire beyond spring. Weir and Goodman discuss growing-season fire and observations from Oklahoma and Texas. Late-summer and fall burning can accomplish management work at a time when ranch crews may have fewer competing livestock duties. 20:40-22:04 — Start the burn year earlier. Turner suggests psychologically treating late summer or fall as the beginning of the burn season, allowing managers to get ahead rather than scrambling to finish everything in spring. Strategic blacklines and preparation can also create opportunities for later burning. 22:05-28:36 — What actually makes a burn risky? Twidwell questions labels such as “good,” “bad” or “marginal” burn days. He explains how wind, drought, fuel characteristics, juniper and ember transport interact to create actual risk. 28:36-30:05 — Why prescribed fire resists simple recipes. Weir contrasts fire with practices that can be summarized on a product label. Every burn unit differs in personnel needs, equipment, containment and acceptable conditions. 30:06-34:50 — Fire research needs better fire measurements. Goodman and Twidwell discuss studies that compare “fire” with “no fire” while documenting relatively little about the fire itself. They argue for better information about intensity, consumption, fuels and fire behavior. 34:53-38:21 — Questioning hard thresholds. The hosts discuss rules such as waiting a fixed period after fire or avoiding burns above a specific temperature. Twidwell warns against turning broad assumptions into universal management rules. 38:22-42:22 — Why wildfire reactions differ. The group explores why some landowners see beneficial ecological results after wildfire while other communities view fire primarily through its destructive consequences. The landscape context and the problem being solved matter. 42:25-46:10 — Eastern redcedar becomes the case study. Goodman asks about spatial conservation planning. Twidwell explains why redcedar is particularly useful for thinking about woody encroachment: it does not resprout, is highly fire-sensitive and produces large quantities of seed. 46:11-49:44 — The “two football fields” concept. Twidwell describes research showing that about 95% of new redcedar recruitment in the Nebraska work occurred within roughly two football fields of a seed source. That creates a practical planning zone landowners can identify and manage. 49:44-52:07 — Prevention beats expensive restoration. The conversation focuses on the economics of treating intact grassland early instead of waiting for dense cedar. Mechanical removal without follow-up can allow the problem to return quickly. 52:07-55:15 — From “cedar control” to seed-source management. Twidwell explains how changing the language helped ranchers think about risk differently. A windbreak may have value, but it can also be a seed source requiring active management. 55:16-58:05 — Catching encroachment while it is small. The group discusses identifying scattered seedlings before they turn into a landscape-scale problem. The objective is not to dictate a single treatment but to help landowners recognize the risk and build a plan. 58:05-59:29 — Closing thoughts. The hosts acknowledge that woody encroachment will remain a major Great Plains challenge and close the episode with an invitation for Twidwell to return. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Eastern redcedar can take productive grazing land out of production surprisingly fast, and Nebraska ranchers in the Loess Canyons have learned that prescribed fire can be one of their most powerful tools for taking that country back. Nebraska rancher and Nebraska Prescribed Fire Council President Scott Stout and Pheasants Forever and Quail Forever Prescribed Fire Coordinator Brian Teeter join John Weir, Laura Goodman and Mark Turner to talk about the evolution of prescribed fire in Nebraska. They explain how landowners built prescribed burn associations, improved cedar mortality with cut-and-stuff techniques, expanded to larger burn units and learned why preparation, communication and cooperation with neighbors are essential. The conversation also covers burn permits and restrictions, public perceptions of fire, grazing economics and the wildlife response that follows grassland restoration. Key takeaways: Prescribed fire can restore grazing capacity where eastern red cedar has heavily encroached on Nebraska rangeland. Cut-and-stuff techniques can increase fire intensity around cedars and improve tree mortality. Larger burn units using roads and other natural barriers can reduce preparation costs and make landscape-scale management more practical. Successful burns often require months or years of planning, including prepared firebreaks, equipment, trained crews and verification that the unit is actually ready. Restoring open grassland can benefit cattle production while also improving habitat for wildlife including elk, deer, turkey and quail. Detailed Timestamped Rundown 00:00–02:42 Sponsors, show introduction and preview of the Nebraska prescribed-fire conversation. 02:42–05:30 Brian Teeter and Scott Stout introduce themselves, their roles and their history with prescribed fire and Nebraska burn organizations. 05:30–08:02 Nebraska’s changing fire culture: prescribed burn associations have expanded rapidly, with the guests discussing more than 100,000 acres burned by PBAs in 2025. 08:02–11:15 The origins of cut-and-stuff cedar control and why eastern red cedar became such a serious problem in southwest Nebraska’s Loess Canyons. 11:15–13:03 Steep terrain, rapidly increasing cedar canopy and why mechanical control becomes difficult or impossible in rugged canyon country. 13:03–15:28 Early burns were a learning experience. Scott describes limited equipment, inexperienced crews and how the association gradually developed better practices. 15:28–17:19 Burn units grow from a few hundred acres to thousands of acres as ranchers learn to use roads, natural barriers and neighboring properties more effectively. 17:19–19:31 Skeptical neighbors become supporters after seeing successful burns. Better cedar mortality helps prove that prescribed fire can justify the effort. 19:31–24:18 Why burn preparation may begin two or three years ahead. The group discusses firebreaks, equipment, landowner communication and the importance of refusing to burn an unprepared unit. 24:18–30:35 Internal ignition techniques: experienced ATV igniters work inside large units to improve coverage, take advantage of favorable burning conditions and create greater heat for cedar mortality. 30:35–33:59 Nebraska’s burn permit system, statewide restrictions and the tension between favorable prescribed-fire conditions and emergency burn bans. 33:59–38:28 Public perception after major wildfires. Brian explains why ranchers still need prescribed fire even during dry periods and compares it to other essential agricultural management practices. 38:28–42:32 Why “prescribed burn” and “controlled burn” should not be treated as interchangeable terms. The discussion turns to education, policy and Nebraska’s effort to distinguish the practices legally. 42:32–46:11 Ranch economics drive cedar management. Fire can restore lost forage while keeping grasslands economically viable and therefore intact. 43:56–48:34 Wildlife benefits emerge alongside livestock benefits, with discussion of elk, mule deer, turkey, quail and the misconception that dense cedar automatically means better wildlife habitat. 48:34–50:54 Prescribed fire as an entry point for recreational landowners, food plots and changing the way people notice cedar encroachment on the landscape. 50:54–52:14 Closing conversation and show outro. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Eastern red cedar is no longer just a brush-management problem—it is affecting Oklahoma’s wildfire risk, water, wildlife, forage and rural landowners’ bottom lines. Oklahoma Conservation Commission Executive Director Trey Lam and Oklahoma state Rep. Mike Dobrinski join OSU Extension specialists John Weir, Laura Goodman Ph.D. and Mark Turner Ph.D. to explain how Oklahoma moved from decades of talking about cedar encroachment to putting money, research and management on the ground. They discuss the Terry Peach watershed effort, prescribed fire and cedar-removal assistance, research on water and soil response, and why landowners may pay a much higher price when cedar management is postponed. Key takeaways: Eastern red cedar can increase dangerous wildfire fuel while affecting water, forage, wildlife habitat and land productivity. Oklahoma’s program combines landowner cost-share assistance, prescribed fire, research and targeted brush removal. Researchers are tracking water, soil health, forage production and wildlife response rather than simply counting acres treated. Young eastern red cedar can be effectively controlled with prescribed fire because it does not resprout from the roots once killed. Delaying cedar control can increase future removal costs and reduce the recreational and productive value of the property. Detailed Timestamped Rundown: 00:00 — Episode sponsors: Oklahoma Conservation Commission, Oklahoma Prescribed Burn Association and Great Plains Fire Science Exchange. 00:45 — Episode preview establishes the central issue: eastern red cedar, wildfire risk, water resources and Oklahoma’s response. 02:56 — John Weir introduces Trey Lam and state Rep. Mike Dobrinski. 03:43 — The conversation begins at the Great Plains Fire Summit in Alva, Oklahoma. 04:24 — Dobrinski discusses his northwest Oklahoma background, farming connections and path into the Legislature. 06:48 — Lam explains his farming and conservation background and transition to leading the Oklahoma Conservation Commission. 08:11 — Lam discusses difficult conservation budgets and how increased funding eventually opened opportunities for soil, water and invasive-species work. 09:13 — The conversation turns directly to eastern red cedar and the Terry Peach watershed effort. Dobrinski describes drought and wildfire as catalysts for his involvement. 13:30 — Dobrinski describes securing roughly $3.2 million for the initial trial effort and the importance of proving results before requesting additional funding. 15:25 — State agencies enter the conversation. The group discusses why government has to manage cedar on its own lands if it expects private landowners to do the same. 19:24 — Weir recalls earlier cedar task forces dating back decades and asks why the current effort succeeded where previous initiatives stalled. 20:42 — Lam points to the convergence of drought, wildfire, Canton Lake concerns, water, available money, on-farm demonstrations and legislative champions. 24:11 — The cedar discussion expands into the rural-urban relationship surrounding Canton Lake, Lake Hefner and Oklahoma City water. 27:29 — Lam explains the North Canadian River connection and why restoring watershed function could have benefits upstream and downstream. 29:29 — The group maps out the program geographically, beginning with research on Persimmon Creek and expanding beyond the original watershed. 31:11 — Lam explains the landowner cost-share program and prescribed-fire assistance, including the episode’s discussion of $20 per acre for qualified prescribed burning. 33:03 — Conversation shifts toward homes and communities in cedar-heavy areas, particularly where development overlaps with dangerous wildland fuels. 34:42 — Weir emphasizes that cedar affects more than ranchers: water, wildfire, human health and wildlife make it a broader Oklahoma issue. 36:28 — The guests discuss eastern red cedar as a misunderstood plant and the hazard created when dense cedar becomes wildfire fuel. 38:00 — Persimmon Creek research: monitoring soil biology, forage, wildlife and water to measure what happens after cedar removal. 40:00 — Turner explains the encouraging vegetation response after cedar control. Lam notes that eastern red cedar does not resprout from its roots once killed, making prescribed fire particularly useful on younger trees. 41:22 — Goodman asks what other states can learn from Oklahoma. Dobrinski emphasizes documentation, research and emerging technologies including targeted drone treatment. 43:45 — Lam’s recommendation: identify the specific problem—wildfire, water or health—bring the affected stakeholders together and demonstrate the expected return on investment. 44:54 — Dobrinski stresses taking good notes and documenting results so future efforts do not have to reinvent the wheel. 45:07 — The group discusses experimenting with different removal economics, cedar mulch, potential products and biochar. 46:28 — Weir delivers one of the episode’s strongest landowner messages: don’t keep cedar simply because somebody might eventually pay for it; the trees can cost more in the long run. 46:45 — Lam connects cedar infestation with land value, hunting value and the future expense passed to the next owner or generation. 47:46 — The hosts ask about the program’s future and maintaining momentum. 48:35 — Lam discusses applying the model to other localized invasive-plant problems, including mesquite, jujube, Callery pear and salt cedar. 49:44 — Weir argues that state government can lead by example by properly managing its own lands. 50:39 — The conversation turns to preserving institutional knowledge as state leadership and agency personnel change. 51:59 — Lam notes that continual education is also necessary as legislators turn over and new policymakers enter the discussion. 52:36 — Closing thoughts: Lam warns that Oklahoma should not wait for a catastrophic wildfire or severe water shortage before taking cedar seriously. 53:09 — Dobrinski closes with the point that solving the problem requires collective action rather than a single landowner, agency or organization. 53:57 — Episode wrap-up. 54:09 — Closing credits and show website. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Summer deer nutrition can shape what hunters and landowners see in the fall. In this episode of Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things , John Weir, Laura Goodman Ph.D., and Mark Turner Ph.D. explain what white-tailed deer really eat and why forbs, fresh browse, sunlight, and prescribed fire matter for deer health. The crew talks through practical habitat management for Oklahoma and the Southern Great Plains, including cedar control, canopy thinning, seasonal burning, food plots, and why feeding wildlife often falls short compared to growing better native forage. Key takeaways: Forbs and fresh browse are some of the most important summer foods for white-tailed deer. Plants often called weeds, including ragweed, pokeweed, horseweed, tick clovers, blackberry, and greenbrier, can provide valuable deer nutrition. Cedar encroachment and dense tree cover may create cover but can severely limit high-quality forage. Prescribed fire, canopy opening, and stump sprouting can put fresh, nutritious growth within reach of deer. Food plots and feed can have a place, but they should not replace whole-property habitat management. Timestamped rundown 00:00–02:15 — Show introduction and setup: the episode focuses on what deer really eat and why summer forage matters. 02:15–05:15 — Mark explains that summer is a critical nutritional period because bucks are growing antlers and does are producing milk for fawns. 05:15–08:40 — The crew defines forbs and explains why broadleaf “weeds” can be higher-quality deer food than many woody plants. 08:40–10:15 — Greenbrier gets discussed as a year-round food source, especially useful after fire creates fresh regrowth. 10:15–12:10 — Blackberry is highlighted for both fruit and young leaves, with discussion of deer as selective feeders. 12:10–15:05 — The group talks about poor-quality diets, including deer eating cedar when better food is unavailable. 15:05–18:31 — Regional differences come into focus: western Oklahoma may produce forbs after rain, while eastern Oklahoma often needs active management to open sunlight. 18:31–20:10 — Mark shares research showing that increasing high-quality food can improve doe body weight and mature buck antler size. 20:10–25:55 — The management discussion begins: reduce cedar, open canopies, use fire, and create fresh, reachable browse. 25:55–30:28 — Seasonal burning is discussed, including how summer and early fall burns can produce fresh regrowth when deer need it. 30:28–34:13 — The crew challenges the old “burn every three to five years” recommendation and discusses more frequent, patchy fire. 34:13–40:43 — Food plots are covered as a small piece of the puzzle, useful for hunting or viewing but not a replacement for whole-property habitat work. 40:43–41:35 — Fescue and non-native grasses come up, with Mark recommending grass removal where deer forage is the objective. 41:35–46:59 — Supplemental feeding is discussed, including disease concerns, predator subsidies, cost, labor, and limited return compared to habitat management. 46:59–47:44 — Closing remarks and listener call to subscribe and visit the podcast website. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Stocking rate is the grazing decision that affects nearly everything else on the land — cattle performance, native pasture health, wildlife habitat, prescribed fire options and long-term ranch profitability. In this episode of Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things , John Weir talks with Laura Goodman Ph.D. and Mark Turner Ph.D. about what stocking rate really means, why timing matters, and why grazing density is not the same thing. They explain how heavy stocking can reduce cow breed-up, calf weaning weights and individual gains, while also weakening the plant community and shrinking future forage production. Key takeaways: Stocking rate means animals, acres and length of time. Moderate stocking often provides the best balance between animal performance and gain per acre. Rotational grazing cannot fix an overstocked pasture. Bigger cows require more forage than the cows many ranches were stocked for decades ago. Grazing exclosures, clipping, Web Soil Survey and RAP can help producers estimate forage and adjust before drought creates harder choices. Detailed timestamped rundown 00:00–02:13 — Intro and episode setup The Oklahoma Conservation Commission sponsor s a message and show intro that set up the episode’s focus: stocking rate, cattle grazing, pasture health, wildlife, and ranch profitability. 02:13–03:19 — Why midsummer is a good time to check stocking rate John introduces the topic, and Laura explains that Oklahoma native pastures grow most warm-season forage in May and June. By July, producers can better evaluate how much forage they have for the rest of the season. 03:19–05:56 — What stocking rate actually means Laura defines stocking rate as the number of animals on a unit of land for a length of time. She explains why asking “How many cows can I run on this acreage?” is incomplete without knowing how long the animals will graze. 05:56–08:42 — Benefits of proper stocking rate The group discusses how proper stocking supports the long-term sustainability of the plant community, helps maintain dominant forage species and reduces pressure on sensitive areas such as streams. 08:42–12:14 — Animal performance under heavy stocking Laura explains research showing that heavy stocking can reduce cow breed-up, increase open cows, lower calf weaning weights and reduce individual gains in stocker cattle. 12:15–15:40 — Why grazing systems cannot fix overstocking The conversation turns to rotational grazing. Laura explains that rotation can modestly improve plant productivity and grazing efficiency, but it cannot double forage production or make up for running too many animals. 15:40–17:27 — Utilization and the mowed-lawn problem John explains why some producers want every blade of grass used evenly, but that is not always realistic or desirable. A pasture does not need to look like a manicured lawn to be properly managed. 17:27–20:15 — Why uneven grazing can help wildlife Laura discusses how grazing management thinking has changed. Varying plant heights, open space under the canopy and patchy structure can benefit wildlife and create better habitat diversity. 20:15–22:08 — Forage quality, long rest and patch burning The group talks about cattle preference for young, higher-quality forage. Laura explains why patch burning works well: it removes old growth, creates fresh regrowth and attracts grazing to areas that need use. 22:10–27:16 — How to measure forage with grazing exclosures Laura walks through how to use cattle panels, T-posts and a clipping hoop to estimate pasture production. She explains why native pasture is better measured by clipping than by using a grazing stick. 27:16–29:58 — How many samples and how many years? Mark asks how many exclosures or samples are needed. Laura recommends multiple locations and multiple years because Oklahoma forage production can swing widely from dry years to wet years. 29:58–32:45 — Measuring utilization and changing grazing distribution The group explains how clipping outside an exclosure can estimate what cattle used. They also discuss moving protein, salt, mineral and using fire to draw livestock into underused areas. 32:45–36:48 — RAP and Production Explorer Laura introduces the Rangeland Analysis Platform as a web-based tool that uses satellite imagery to estimate cover, biomass and production. She explains that Production Explorer can estimate current production and calculate stocking rates. 36:48–38:54 — Bigger cows require more forage John notes that many ranches still use older stocking assumptions even though cattle have gotten larger. Laura explains that a 1,300-pound cow consumes much more forage over a season than a 1,000-pound cow. 38:55–40:20 — Adaptive management and midseason decisions Laura explains how checking forage in midsummer can help producers decide whether to move cattle, sell animals, feed hay, retain calves longer or keep more replacements. 40:21–43:45 — Drought economics and flexible herd structure Mark connects the topic to wildlife carrying capacity. Laura explains that drought-related destocking can affect ranch economics for years and that a smaller base cow herd with flexible stockers or retained ownership can reduce long-term risk. 43:46–45:11 — Take half, leave half and harvest efficiency Laura clarifies that the old “take half, leave half” rule is often misunderstood. In stocking calculations, the goal is usually to allocate about 25% of total available productivity to livestock consumption. 45:11–48:39 — The stocking rate calculation Laura lays out the math: forage production per acre × number of acres × 0.25 harvest efficiency, then divide by animal demand and grazing days to estimate how many animals a pasture can support. 48:39–50:07 — More cows do not always mean more profit John explains that more animals can mean more input costs, more overuse, lower gains, lower weaning weights, lower body condition and more hay feeding. 50:09–51:20 — Stocking rate is the foundation The group closes by emphasizing that stocking rate is the number one grazing decision because it affects cattle, plants, wildlife, prescribed fire and long-term ranch economics. 51:20–51:58 — Outro The episode closes with a reminder to subscribe and visit the podcast website. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Wild turkey numbers rise and fall for a lot of reasons, but better brood habitat may be one of the most practical things landowners can influence right now. In this episode of Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things , Dr. Mark Turner, Oklahoma State University Extension wildlife specialist, joins John Weir and Dr. Laura Goodman to talk through what turkeys need after nesting season. They cover poult survival, forb-rich brood cover, cedar encroachment, roost trees, grazing, fescue control, prescribed fire, predator pressure, and why landowners can have a bigger impact than regulation changes alone. Key takeaways: Nest success matters, but low poult survival may be a bigger bottleneck for turkey populations. Good brood cover is open at ground level, rich in forbs and insects, and tall enough to hide poults while letting hens see predators. Cedar and other woody encroachment can reduce roosting value, limit visibility, and hurt hen survival. Thick grass monocultures, fescue, bermudagrass, and Old World bluestem can make poor turkey and quail habitat. Prescribed fire, grazing, patch burning, and targeted introduced-grass control can help landowners create better turkey country. Detailed timestamped rundown 00:00–02:14 — Opening and setup The episode opens with the Oklahoma Conservation Commission sponsorship message, show introduction, host introductions, and the main topic: wild turkeys, turkey numbers, and habitat management. 02:14–04:41 — Why turkeys are timely right now Mark explains that spring turkey seasons are wrapping up and many poults are hitting the ground. He frames the conversation around turkey population declines, ongoing research, and why brood survival deserves more attention. 04:41–05:19 — Nest success versus brood survival The group discusses why nest survival often gets the spotlight, even though brood survival may be a bigger limiting factor. Mark notes that many studies show nest success around 20% to 30%, while brood survival is often still low. 05:19–07:48 — Rio Grande and Eastern turkey differences John asks about differences between Rio Grande and Eastern turkeys. Mark explains that Eastern turkeys, especially in the Southeast, appear to be doing worse overall, while Rio Grande turkeys often have better brood conditions where rainfall produces forbs and open grassland structure. 07:48–09:12 — What good brood cover looks like Mark describes the ideal brood habitat: open plant communities dominated by forbs, some bare ground for movement, and knee- to waist-high structure that hides poults while allowing hens to watch for predators. 09:12–12:54 — Grazing, forbs, and the grass monoculture problem John and Laura explain how grazing, bare ground, and plant diversity influence forb production. Laura pushes back on the idea that the best pasture is always the thickest grass stand, emphasizing that forbs provide insects, seeds, and wildlife value. 12:54–14:23 — Burning season and patch-burn diversity John explains that repeated spring burning can favor warm-season grasses and reduce forbs. He recommends mixing burn timing, including growing-season and early dormant-season burns, and using patch burning to create habitat diversity. 14:23–19:56 — Fescue and introduced grass control Mark and Laura discuss fescue, Old World bluestem, bermudagrass, and other introduced grasses. Fescue is described as one of the easier problems to treat, especially after frost when native warm-season plants are dormant. 19:56–22:19 — Woody encroachment and hen survival Mark shifts to cedar and woody encroachment, explaining that the issue is not just roost loss. Heavy woody cover can reduce hen survival, especially during vulnerable nesting periods. 22:19–24:02 — Real-world cedar control success John shares an example from his son’s property, where cedar work, burning, and opening creek and roost areas coincided with a major increase in wintering turkeys. 24:02–28:10 — Predators, exposure, heat, and poults The group discusses poult vulnerability during the first two weeks of life. Mark explains that poults cannot roost in trees early on, face predator pressure, and can die from cold rain or extreme heat. 28:10–31:33 — Shade, airflow, and roost tree structure Laura asks what poults and hens may seek during hot weather. Mark says open, shaded woods with airflow may matter, and then explains that roost trees are usually selected more for structure and open ground conditions than species alone. 31:33–34:27 — Why turkey numbers can bounce back John notes seeing more turkeys this year. Mark connects better recent harvests to improved conditions a couple of years earlier, including weather, productivity, and possibly insect availability like cicada hatches. 34:27–35:26 — Habitat is predator management Laura summarizes a key idea: predator management may have a role, but habitat that helps turkeys feed, move, hide, and thermoregulate is foundational. Mark says habitat management is, in many ways, predator management. 35:26–38:40 — The closest thing to a key action John asks for the one best thing landowners can do. Mark says reducing understory woody cover and promoting forbs is critical, and prescribed fire is hard to beat. He recommends more frequent burning in eastern Oklahoma than many properties currently receive. 38:40–40:47 — Private landowners drive the outcome Mark explains that agencies can manage public lands, but private landowners control much of the habitat. John adds that more landowners are now listing wildlife habitat as a major reason for burning. 40:47–42:46 — Resources and closing The group closes by mentioning OSU Extension fact sheets on converting introduced grasses, Rio Grande wild turkey management, Eastern wild turkey management, and prescribed fire. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Eastern redcedar control is becoming one of Oklahoma’s biggest land, water, and wildfire issues—and this episode explains how the Oklahoma Conservation Commission is turning concern into action. John Weir, Laura Goodman Ph.D., and Mark Turner Ph.D. visit with Trey Lam and Trampas Tripp about the Terry Peach North Canadian Watershed Restoration Pilot Project, a program designed to reduce invasive woody species, protect rural communities, improve rangeland health, and put more water back into Oklahoma soils and streams. The conversation covers how cedar control moved from years of talk to funded work on the ground, including brush-free zones around towns and infrastructure, prescribed fire training with rural fire departments, cost-share programs for landowners, and research measuring soil moisture, forage recovery, wildlife response, and wildfire risk. The episode makes one thing clear: managing cedars is not just about removing trees—it is about protecting rural lives, homes, grasslands, water supplies, wildlife habitat, and the future of working lands. Top 10 takeaways Cedar control is public safety work. Removing dense cedars near towns, homes, propane tanks, fertilizer plants, towers, and roads can give firefighters safer access and slow wildfire spread. The Terry Peach Project turned years of talk into action. Oklahoma had studied eastern redcedar for decades, but the combination of drought, wildfire, water concerns, and available funding finally produced a funded program. Brush-free zones are a practical first step. The program is not always trying to clear entire properties; it often starts by creating strategic fire breaks and access corridors. Rural fire departments are key partners. The program is helping firefighters understand when prescribed fire can reduce future wildfire risk instead of treating all fire the same. Prescribed fire and “controlled burns” are not the same thing. A prescribed fire has a plan, weather parameters, trained people, equipment, and a go/no-go decision process. Cedars cost landowners forage. Dense cedar stands can shade out grass, reduce grazing capacity, and lower the productive value of rangeland. Cedars are a water issue. Guests discussed early findings showing major soil moisture differences between dense cedar areas, treated areas, and open native range. Wildlife responds when cedars are removed. The episode highlights benefits for quail, deer, and especially wild turkeys when cedar-choked areas are reopened and roost trees are protected. Landowner demand is high. The new cedar-removal cost-share pilot received more than 500 applications, showing that many Oklahomans are ready to act. The next challenge is scaling statewide. Oklahoma’s cedar problem varies by region, and future work may need to address salt cedar, mesquite, mountain juniper, and other invasive woody species with different control strategies. Detailed timestamped rundown 00:00:00 — Sponsor and episode setup The episode opens with the Oklahoma Conservation Commission sponsor message and frames the conversation around cedar control, safer towns, healthier rangeland, and water conservation. 00:02:16 — Guest introductions John Weir welcomes Trey Lam and Trampas Tripp from the Oklahoma Conservation Commission. The hosts set up the episode as a discussion of one of the state’s most visible conservation programs. 00:03:20 — Trampas Tripp’s background Trampas explains his path from college and early work with the Corps of Engineers into the Oklahoma Conservation Commission, where he now leads the Land Management Division. 00:04:16 — Trey Lam’s conservation roots Trey shares his background growing up on a southern Oklahoma farm and becoming involved in conservation districts before becoming executive director of the Oklahoma Conservation Commission. 00:05:02 — How the Terry Peach Project began Trey explains that Oklahoma had talked about eastern redcedar for years, but drought, wildfire, water disputes, and state funding finally aligned to create action. 00:07:46 — The original three-part approach The project began with research, prescribed fire training, and brush-free zones. The goal was to measure water, soil moisture, grass production, wildlife response, and wildfire mitigation benefits. 00:12:15 — Rural fire departments join the effort Trampas describes how the program works with fire departments to shift from only reacting to wildfire toward using prescribed fire and fuel reduction as prevention tools. 00:13:22 — Fighting Fire with Fire workshops John and Trampas discuss the workshops that combine classroom training with hands-on burning when conditions allow. Around seven workshops had been held, with strong interest from across the state. 00:14:00 — Ada workshop draws major attendance The Ada training brought about 100 attendees and 25 fire departments, including some from Kansas, showing regional interest in Oklahoma’s prescribed fire model. 00:15:32 — Brush-free zones and mitigation crews Trampas explains that 14 technicians are working across the state to remove volatile woody fuels near communities, infrastructure, and high-risk areas. 00:16:07 — Protecting infrastructure in Woodward Trey gives the example of work near a fertilizer plant on the southwest side of Woodward, where cedar removal created safer access and reduced wildfire risk. 00:17:34 — Towers, propane tanks, and rural hazards Laura and Trampas discuss examples near communication towers and propane infrastructure where cedar removal created safer zones around critical facilities. 00:19:51 — Burn plans and prescribed fire cost-share The group discusses growing demand for prescribed burn plans and a $20-per-acre prescribed fire cost-share program for landowners. 00:21:13 — Prescribed fire versus wildfire The hosts emphasize that prescribed fire is planned, weather-dependent, staffed, and equipped—very different from wildfire or informal “controlled burns.” 00:22:55 — “Controlled burn” confusion Trey and John explain how media and public language often blur prescribed fire with escaped brush-pile or trash burns, which creates misunderstanding. 00:25:29 — Why cedars are such a large problem Trey lays out the impacts of cedars on wildfire behavior, water use, grass production, quail, deer, and other wildlife habitat. 00:26:08 — Wildlife impacts and turkey roosts Mark explains how cedars can eliminate cottonwoods and other roost trees, creating long-term habitat losses for wild turkeys. 00:27:11 — Soil moisture findings Trey discusses early findings showing dense cedar areas with very low soil moisture compared with native range and treated areas. 00:30:03 — Rainfall interception and runoff John and Laura discuss research showing how dense cedar canopy can prevent rainfall from reaching the ground and how restored grasslands can improve cleaner runoff. 00:33:21 — Health, ticks, mosquitoes, and public awareness The conversation expands to the human-health and public-comfort impacts of cedar-dominated areas, including pollen, ticks, mosquitoes, and smoke particulates. 00:34:52 — Legislative support and changing attitudes Trey explains how cedar control has moved into mainstream policy discussions, with lawmakers increasingly recognizing the scale of the issue. 00:40:27 — New cost-share demand Trampas says a pilot cost-share program received more than 500 applications, showing strong landowner interest in cedar removal. 00:42:17 — How landowners access the program The first step is contacting the local conservation district. Applications are ranked by acreage, density, removal method, management approach, and other factors. 00:43:41 — Targeted priority areas Trey explains why the program focuses on specific high-impact areas, including Beckham County to Altus Lugert, the Panhandle, Payne-Lincoln-Pawnee, Eufaula, and the Blue River. 00:45:14 — Community mitigation work Trampas describes technicians working with emergency managers and communities to build defensible spaces and demonstration areas. 00:47:27 — Cedar rows as wildfire fuses Trey describes abandoned railroad corridors and other unmanaged strips as “fuses” that can carry fire directly into rural towns. 00:48:20 — Future expansion Trey discusses hopes to expand the program statewide and adapt it to other invasive woody species, including salt cedar, mesquite, mountain juniper, and eastern Oklahoma invasives. 00:49:36 — Wrap-up The episode closes with thanks to Trey, Trampas, and the Oklahoma Conservation Commission for supporting the podcast and advancing cedar-control work across Oklahoma. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

What does the Oklahoma Conservation Commission actually do, and how does it work with local conservation districts across the state? In this episode, Trey Lam and Lisa Knopf-Owen join the Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things crew to explain how Oklahoma’s conservation system grew from Dust Bowl-era roots into a locally led network supporting landowners, communities, and natural resources. The conversation covers flood control, water quality, soil health, prescribed fire, brush management, and cost-share programs that help producers put conservation into practice. It’s a practical look at how voluntary conservation, strong partnerships, and local leadership keep Oklahoma’s land, water, and wildlife working for future generations. Top 10 Takeaways The Oklahoma Conservation Commission exists to support practical, voluntary conservation across the state. Local conservation districts are the foundation of the system and set priorities based on local needs. Oklahoma has 84 conservation districts, not 77, because districts were formed by local need rather than county lines. Upstream flood-control structures remain one of the agency’s biggest and most important long-term responsibilities. The state cost-share program helps producers implement single practices with less paperwork and faster turnaround than many federal programs. Water-quality work is one of OCC’s biggest success stories, with monitoring data driving conservation decisions and cleanup efforts. Oklahoma leads the nation in EPA-recognized nonpoint source water-quality success stories, according to the guests. Strong partnerships with OSU Extension, NRCS, conservation districts, prescribed burn associations, and other groups are a major reason Oklahoma gets results. The agency is adapting to newer issues like soil health, wetlands, virtual fence adoption, brush control, and eastern redcedar expansion. The future of conservation in Oklahoma depends on keeping it local, voluntary, practical, and rooted in common sense. Detailed Timestamped Rundown 00:00-02:22 Episode open, sponsor message, and introduction. The episode sets up a discussion on how the Oklahoma Conservation Commission supports conservation districts and practical conservation across Oklahoma. 02:31-03:22 John Weir welcomes guests Trey Lamb and Lisa Knopf-Owen and frames the discussion around the role of the Oklahoma Conservation Commission in the state. 03:22-06:40 Trey and Lisa share their personal backgrounds. Trey discusses his roots in farming, ranching, and conservation district leadership in Garvin County. Lisa shares her journey from Texas and Maine to Oklahoma and her long career with the Commission. 06:40-08:04 The conversation turns to prescribed fire partnerships. Lisa explains the Commission’s long partnership with the Oklahoma Prescribed Burn Association and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partners Program, including help with equipment and support for burn associations. 08:04-10:29 Laura Goodman asks for clarification on the difference between conservation districts and the Oklahoma Conservation Commission. Trey and Lisa explain the historic, Dust Bowl-era development of locally led conservation and why districts were built to reflect local needs. 10:32-13:07 The guests review major historical programs, especially flood control. They describe how repeated flooding led to the small watershed program and the construction of numerous upstream structures to slow runoff and reduce damage. 13:07-17:19 Lisa and Trey explain other major programs, including district equipment rental, the long-running state cost-share program, soil health funding, wetlands work, and brush-control efforts. They emphasize that districts decide which practices best fit their local needs. 17:19-20:35 Mark Turner highlights the value of simpler paperwork and easier entry points for producers. Lisa explains the streamlined application process and the role of conservation district boards in ranking and approving projects. 20:35-24:23 The guests describe how conservation district boards work, how USDA service centers are staffed through partnerships, and why trust-based, voluntary conservation still matters. The discussion connects that model to prescribed burn associations and shared stewardship values. 24:23-27:58 Funding sources are discussed, including state appropriations, federal funding, grants, and limited local income. Lisa and Trey then highlight the water-quality program, including EPA 319 funding, long-term monitoring, and science-based conservation efforts. 27:58-31:05 Trey explains how data and outcomes now shape the agency’s overall approach. The discussion expands to community conservation, urban water education, Blue Thumb, and yard-by-yard soil health outreach. 31:05-36:23 The focus shifts back to flood-control structures, many of which are aging or changing hazard class because of development downstream. Lisa explains the complexity of rehabilitation projects, land rights, staffing shortages, and long timelines. 36:23-38:09 Laura Goodman discusses the virtual fence project and OCC’s willingness to adapt programs to new tools. Trey explains how the Commission added virtual fence as an eligible practice after seeing research and producer interest. 38:09-40:47 The guests talk about local outreach partnerships and a pilot project in Lincoln County that trains county commissioners to better manage unpaved roads. Trey explains how that work protects water quality and reduces sediment loss. 40:47-44:45 John, Laura, Trey, and Lisa reflect on how conservation affects both rural and urban Oklahoma. They discuss how partnerships across agencies and organizations make Oklahoma unusually effective at getting conservation work done. 44:45-47:32 Trey and Lisa talk about the future of the Oklahoma Conservation Commission. They stress keeping conservation locally driven, voluntary, and practical while addressing major challenges like eastern redcedar and water issues. 47:32-49:37 The guests share how listeners can connect with the Commission and local conservation districts. They emphasize that the agency will help direct citizens to answers and resources even when a question falls outside its exact scope. 49:41-50:05 Closing credits and reminder to visit the podcast website for more information. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

This episode is made possible by support from the Oklahoma Conservation Commission. Wildfire preparedness isn’t just a checklist — it’s a resilience plan for your ranch, your family, and your community. In this episode of Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things , hosts John Weir and Dr. Mark Turner talk with OSU Extension Agriculture and Food Policy specialist Amy Hagerman, Ph.D., about what to do before , during , and after a wildfire or other disaster. They cover practical steps that reduce loss (parking equipment on bare ground, shutting buildings to keep embers out, splitting hay into multiple locations, and keeping fence rows clean), plus the recovery side: how insurance documentation works, why you shouldn’t clean up before adjusters document damage, and which USDA disaster programs may help with livestock loss, fencing, hauling water, and hay-related needs. The conversation also highlights a critical but often overlooked part of recovery: monitoring mental health in yourself and your neighbors long after the event. Top 10 takeaways (the “do this next” list) Pick one high-impact task this weekend (don’t try to do everything at once). Split hay into multiple locations — avoid one catastrophic pile loss. Park equipment on bare ground or gravel (or mow/graze it tight). Clean equipment (built-up grass and residue can ignite fast). Shut doors on shops/barns during fire season to reduce ember entry. Create an evacuation plan + go bag (papers, meds, chargers). Digitize key records so “proof” survives the fire. After a fire: document first, clean up second (insurance/program rules). Know the big program lanes : livestock loss (LIP), fencing cost share (ECP), hay/water hauling and related support (ELAP). Watch mental health long-term — stress often shows up later; check on neighbors. Timestamped Rundown 00:00 – 01:56 | Cold open + show setup Sponsor slate and show intro: “fire meets forage,” focus of episode is being prepared before/during/after disaster; guest intro. 01:56 – 03:40 | Meet the guest: roots + career path Amy Hagerman Ph.D. background: western Oklahoma, OSU ag econ, Texas A&M grad school, USDA experience, back to Oklahoma to serve producers. 03:40 – 06:34 | Why disaster policy matters Preparedness vs. recovery programs; why most incentives are reactive; costs of production make prevention hard; producer bears losses until reimbursement. 06:34 – 07:30 | Who does what: agencies + insurance NRCS as more proactive/conservation; FSA for recovery programs; insurance industry trends affect resilience. 07:30 – 11:27 | Wildfire preparedness: physical actions that matter Checklist mindset; protect barns/hay/equipment; park equipment on bare ground or short grass; clean equipment; don’t keep “all eggs in one basket” (hay); fence rows and tree cleanup. 11:27 – 13:58 | Insurance: get off autopilot Annual appointment with agent; update coverage for new barns/equipment; caps hit fast with today’s prices. 13:58 – 16:44 | Real-world examples of prevention paying off You don’t hear the success stories because they “kept rolling.” Spread hay, clean fence rows, planned cattle routes to bare ground. 16:44 – 19:15 | Land is resilient; people come first Great Plains adapted to fire; property loss is hardest; close doors to reduce ember entry; avoid risky last-ditch rescues. 19:15 – 23:17 | Evacuation planning + documentation basics Debris under porches; evacuation checklist; important papers, meds, chargers; after an event, call your agent first; don’t clean up until documented. 23:17 – 28:31 | Disaster programs overview (practical + specific) LIP (livestock deaths above normal mortality); documentation and proof of ownership; ECP for fencing (county activation; cost share; receipts; fixed rates); ELAP for hay/water hauling needs. 28:31 – 32:33 | Helping neighbors: donations + tax realities Charities vs person-to-person distribution centers; talk to your tax preparer; what tends to be deductible and what may not. 32:33 – 35:28 | OSU Extension DART: neighbors helping neighbors DART supports county educators with resources, people, answers; extension shines in preparedness/mitigation/recovery cycle. 35:28 – 38:55 | Tools to watch: fire danger + “muscle memory” Use online maps/tools, check conditions before welding or risky work; get documentation in place now; learn program rules ahead of time. 38:55 – 42:46 | Mental health after disaster Stress can hit weeks/months later; ask “are you OK?”; “be a bother”; community conversations matter; give yourself grace. 42:46 – 45:10 | Wrap + where to find resources OSU Extension emergency/disaster resource page; county educator; show notes and website plug. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Dr. Karen Hickman sits down with John Weir, Dr. Laura Goodman, and Dr. Mark Turner to talk invasive plants across the Great Plains—what’s here, what’s coming, and why our best defense often starts with a clean pickup, a better plant choice, and a tighter contract. We walk through Callery/Bradford pear’s “overnight” takeover, Old World bluestem’s misnamed reputation, and how sericea, Johnson grass, privet, kudzu, honeysuckle, tree-of-heaven, Siberian elm and others move from roadsides to rangeland. You’ll hear field-tested tips: early detection/rapid response, where to scout first (gates, pens, ditches), what to tell pipeline and oilfield crews about decontamination, how hay can import problems after wildfire, and why tall, highly productive grasses (miscanthus, giant reed/cane, phragmites) pose wildfire risks on the urban–rural edge. We wrap with Oklahoma’s watch lists, better native alternatives (hello, Mexican plum), and a clear message—don’t plant your problems. Top 10 takeaways Callery/Bradford pear spreads fast once cross-pollinating varieties arrive—two fallow years can become a thicket. Old World bluestem rides roads and rights-of-way; “bluestem” naming drives confusion with natives. Johnson grass, sericea, privet, honeysuckle, kudzu, tree-of-heaven, Siberian elm remain priority species to control. Focus early detection at high-traffic nodes : gates, pens, ditches, well pads, pipeline corridors. Require equipment decontamination (power-wash, mud removal) in contracts with oil & gas, utility, and construction crews. Be cautious with hay imports , especially after wildfire—weed seeds (and insects) ride along. Avoid planting tall, high-biomass ornamentals (miscanthus, giant reed/cane, phragmites) near homes—wildfire risk. Prefer native alternatives (e.g., Mexican plum instead of Callery pear); many ornamentals marketed as “sterile” aren’t. Oklahoma needs clear, funded noxious-weed classes (A–C) ; enforcement without budget won’t work. Knowledge + Extension wins: use watch lists, posters, and community education to “not plant your problems.” Top 10 takeaways 00:00:01–00:01:25 | Intro & mission: fire meets forage; hosts & guest intro; subscribe + website. 00:02:02–00:04:22 | Hickman’s roots in Woods County; farming/ranching background; OSU roles. 00:04:49–00:09:08 | How invasives grabbed her attention (CRP “spar grass,” Old World bluestem); 1990s roadside changes. 00:08:54–00:10:11 | “Native encroacher” vs “invasive”; sericea & Johnson grass rising. 00:10:41–00:13:03 | Noxious weed laws 101; state differences (TX aquatic list, classes A–C in AZ/CO/NM/MO). 00:13:40–00:15:23 | Callery/Bradford pear goes from sterile to seedy; why it exploded. 00:16:44–00:17:19 | Jujube (Ziziphus) thickets; why mechanical control fails. 00:20:09–00:21:11 | “Bluestem” name confusion; WW/Spar lines; spread via rights-of-way. 00:31:03–00:31:11 | How WW/Spar got their names; OSU/Woodward history. 00:31:14–00:34:09 | OK Invasive Plant Council: Dirty Dozen poster, 140-species Watch List, filters by region/land use. 00:35:13–00:36:12 | “Top threats” statewide: Callery pear; fast conversion of fallow fields. 00:36:41–00:39:05 | Privet & Japanese honeysuckle; freeze + fire management anecdotes; native alternatives. 00:39:51–00:40:33 | Kudzu: buyer beware on “pretty vines.” 00:41:09–00:44:21 | Oklahoma policy: recent veto; why bills need experts, budgets, and classes (A–C). 00:44:41–00:47:21 | Looming issues: miscanthus, giant reed/cane, phragmites; wildfire implications. 00:49:05–00:50:27 | Where to scout first: pasture roads, gates, pens, ditches; how vehicles and oilfield traffic spread seed. 00:51:03–00:52:22 | Hay after wildfire: well-meant donations, unintended weeds & insects. Tagline needed! 00:52:49–00:53:09 | Final advice: avoid listed non-natives; natives bring more benefits. Close. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Dr. Esben Kjaer joins the Blazin’ Grazin’ hosts to talk fire, forage, and the fine art of managing rangelands for both cattle and wildlife. His work from Kansas to North Dakota reveals how prescribed fire and strategic grazing shape biodiversity—from plant and insect communities to nesting birds. He shares what happens when conservation meets production, and how landowners can use grazing without losing habitat. The conversation also dives into fire aversion, Kentucky bluegrass invasions, and why fire still beats grazing when it comes to restoring native prairies. From the challenges of burning in the frozen north to bringing new fire science to Oklahoma, Dr. Kjaer offers both research and real-world lessons for anyone who loves the land, livestock, and a good burn plan. Top 10 Takeaways Grazing and fire together beat either alone for boosting prairie biodiversity. Light grazing has minimal impact on species composition—but does improve structure for wildlife. Kansas CRP fields can support grazing without harming birds or habitat diversity. Fire still drives legume and forb recovery better than grazing alone. North Dakota’s attitudes toward fire are changing —now with two prescribed fire associations. Patch burn grazing outperforms rotation systems for cattle and plant diversity alike. Kentucky bluegrass invasion is massive —affecting up to 90% of private rangelands. Fire reduces cattle selectivity , making more plant species nutritionally valuable. Drought tested the system , but prairie species bounced back quickly. New research at OSU will compare mowing, burning, and high-intensity grazing to fine-tune future range management strategies. Rundown 00:00 – 02:00 Intro: Meet hosts and guest Dr. Esben Kjaer of OSU’s Natural Resources Department. 02:30 – 04:00 Esben’s journey from Wichita State to North Dakota—early focus on grazing for biodiversity. 04:00 – 09:00 Kansas CRP research: managing 108 sites, studying grazing’s effects on plants, insects, and birds. 09:00 – 12:00 Forb diversity, native legumes, and why light grazing isn’t always enough. 12:30 – 15:00 Infrastructure barriers for CRP grazing—fences, water, and landowner cooperation. 15:00 – 17:00 Avian nesting results: grazing during nesting season shows no harm. 17:00 – 19:00 North Dakota fire story: county commissioner shuts down prescribed burn—fire aversion culture. 19:00 – 23:00 Patch burn grazing vs rotational systems—effects on cattle production and plant diversity. 23:00 – 26:00 Fire’s impact on forage quality and nutrient availability for cattle and wildlife. 26:00 – 30:00 Drought year 2021: effects on vegetation and recovery. 30:00 – 33:00 Kentucky bluegrass invasion and the challenges of managing thatch during burns. 33:00 – 36:00 Fire vs grazing selectivity—how fire reduces pickiness and boosts diversity. 36:00 – 38:00 DNA barcoding for diet analysis—how cattle diets shift after fire. 38:00 – 41:00 Future OSU research: fire alternatives, sericea lespedeza control, and comparing mowing to burning. 41:30 – 42:10 Wrap-up and closing—links to BlazinGrazenWildThings.com. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

In this episode of Blazin' Grazin' and Other Wild Things , Noble County rancher Grady Parmley joins the team to share how prescribed burn associations empower landowners to use fire as a powerful tool for grassland management. Grady recounts his own journey from being intimidated by fire to leading burns on thousands of acres through the North Central Range Improvement Association. With insights from OSU Extension experts John Weir, Dr. Laura Goodman, and Dr. Mark Turner, the episode explores how local PBAs foster neighborly cooperation, reduce wildfire risks, and improve both livestock and wildlife habitat. Listeners will hear practical tips on equipment, safety, burn planning, and navigating the challenges of leadership and liability. Whether you're curious about how to join a burn association or want to improve your pasture management, this episode offers a blend of storytelling and expert advice that’s as educational as it is inspiring. Takeaways: Prescribed Burn Associations (PBAs) help landowners burn safely by pooling equipment, labor, and experience. Grady Parmley transitioned from fire-fearful to a key PBA leader in Noble County. Burn planning and weather forecasting are essential to safe prescribed fire. Equipment like water trailers and side-by-sides are critical infrastructure for burn days. PBAs often struggle with consistent member participation and leadership succession. Cost structures incentivize active membership and help fund equipment and fuel. Proper burns improve pasture visibility, reduce cedar encroachment, and enhance cattle management. Wildlife like quail and deer benefit from restored grassland ecosystems. Post-burn herbicide treatments help manage invasive species like sericea lespedeza and blackberries. Liability concerns can be mitigated through shared responsibility and good communication. Timestamps: 00:02:07 - Introduction to Grady Parmley and the North Central Range Improvement Association 00:03:13 - Grady's background and how he got into ranching and burning 00:06:41 - Lessons learned from fire mishaps and the importance of burn planning 00:10:11 - Benefits of burn associations and community support 00:12:48 - What a PBA is and how it works 00:14:06 - Coordinating large burns across multiple properties 00:16:52 - Burn equipment and infrastructure 00:18:02 - Challenges of PBA leadership and member participation 00:22:00 - Burn pricing and member incentives 00:25:02 - Visibility and safety benefits from burns 00:27:05 - Wildlife and livestock benefits from prescribed fire 00:30:24 - Managing cedar and invasive species post-burn 00:34:52 - Herbicide strategies to complement fire 00:40:02 - Burn association liability and safety culture 00:47:20 - Expanding PBAs and finding local resources 00:51:02 - Weather tools and planning resources for burns Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

What do grasshoppers, prescribed fire, and peer pressure have in common? In this episode, we sit down with Dr. Jason Harmon, the new head of Oklahoma State University’s Natural Resource Ecology and Management department, to find out. From his early days counting insects in Wisconsin to leading research on pollinators and rangelands in North Dakota, Dr. Harmon brings a wide-lens perspective to land management—one that blends ecology, culture, and community. Hosts John Weir, Dr. Laura Goodman, and Dr. Mark Turner chat with Dr. Harmon about everything from cattle grazing and monarch migration to how landowners manage for appearances rather than outcomes. They also explore how Oklahoma’s ecological diversity—and its people—are shaping the future of conservation. Whether you're passionate about prescribed fire, curious about critters, or just love hearing smart folks talk about working landscapes, this one's for you. Takeaways Dr. Jason Harmon’s background blends insect ecology with rangeland research. Cultural perceptions influence landowners' willingness to adopt ecologically diverse pastures. Fire remains an unmatched tool for managing range health and reducing woody encroachment. Oklahoma and North Dakota face different stages of similar land challenges. Pollinators are not just bees—grasslands can host hundreds of native insect species. Milkweed interactions with cattle are species-specific and under-researched. Oklahoma’s ecological range—from alligators to bighorn sheep—mirrors the diversity of its management needs. Interdisciplinary collaboration enhances natural resource problem-solving. Prescribed burning is a proactive solution that prevents larger wildfire disasters. OSU’s natural resource programs offer versatile career pathways through specialized tracks. Timestamps 00:02:05 – Meet Dr. Jason Harmon and his journey to OSU | 00:04:01 – Insect ecology and critter-counting origins 00:06:06 – Cultural peer pressure in land aesthetics 00:13:25 – Comparing North Dakota and Oklahoma land management 00:14:59 – Prescribed fire vs. grazing for ecosystem management 00:22:00 – Calf decomposition and surprising pollinator behavior 00:27:12 – Regal fritillaries and pollinator diversity 00:29:44 – Cattle interaction with milkweed species 00:33:39 – Adjusting to Oklahoma and its colorful town names 00:36:25 – Oklahoma’s ecological diversity and wild inhabitants 00:42:29 – Dr. Harmon’s vision for the department 00:49:00 – Promoting collaboration and public understanding 00:52:53 – Overview of OSU’s undergraduate options in natural resources Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

In this episode of Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things , we hear from Kayla Moss, Extension Assistant at Oklahoma State University, about her groundbreaking research in Oklahoma. Moss shares how she tackled the invasive sericea lespedeza using a combination of fire, herbicide, and grazing. She discusses how growing-season burns, when followed by a well-timed herbicide application, delivered the most effective long-term control—reducing sericea cover from 35% to under 1%. The episode also explores the unexpected return of native legumes after treatment, the resilience of sericea seedbanks, and the practical trade-offs producers face when balancing cattle gains with ecosystem health. Supported by co-hosts Dr. Laura Goodman, Dr. Mark Turner, and John Weir, this conversation is full of science-backed strategies, real-world challenges, and relatable advice for any land manager facing invasive species. Key Takeaways Sericea lespedeza is highly invasive, with seedbanks that can persist for decades. Growing-season fire followed by herbicide application a year later showed the most effective control. Dormant-season fire alone may increase sericea cover. Herbicide applied post-burn can reduce seed production significantly. Cattle weight gains were not negatively affected by growing-season burns. Native legumes like partridge pea and slender lespedeza can repopulate treated areas. Seed germination of sericea is extremely tough, requiring even sulfuric acid in lab settings. The cost of metsulfuron methyl herbicide is under $4 per acre. Spot spraying and drone tech may offer future precision control options. Integrated management is more practical and effective than standalone treatments. Timestamps 00:01:46 – Meet the hosts and guest, Kayla Moss 00:02:37 – Overview of Osage County research site and plant community 00:03:29 – Introduction to sericea lespedeza and its invasive history 00:05:35 – Existing research gaps and integrating fire, herbicide, and grazing 00:07:04 – Wildlife implications and Bobwhite quail case studies 00:15:13 – Breakdown of treatment methods used in the study 00:19:01 – Impact of dormant vs. growing season fire 00:25:15 – Conditions of prescribed burns and drought effects 00:33:34 – Post-treatment results on sericea cover and seed production 00:40:01 – Native legumes returning after treatment 00:44:01 – Cattle weight gain comparisons and practical advice for landowners 00:51:31 – Final thoughts and takeaways Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

The New World Screwworm, once thought gone from U.S. pastures, is creeping north again—and it’s bad news for both livestock producers and wildlife enthusiasts. In this episode of Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things , Dr. Jonathan Cammack of OSU Extension walks listeners through the pest’s history, the landmark sterile fly eradication program, and the sobering reality that it’s now only 300 miles from the U.S. border. We explore how the insect’s gruesome feeding habits devastate livestock and deer populations, why winter weather offers only partial protection, and what producers can do to spot and treat infections early. The conversation also highlights the equally concerning arrival of the Asian Longhorned Tick in northeast Oklahoma. This invasive parasite reproduces asexually, spreads rapidly, and carries livestock diseases already present in nearby states. Whether you’re managing a herd, tracking deer health, or just passionate about Great Plains wildlife, this episode delivers timely, practical insight into two pests that demand vigilance. 10 Key Takeaways The New World Screwworm is advancing north from Central America into central Mexico. Eradication in the U.S. was achieved through sterile fly releases starting in the 1950s. Current spread appears to be aided by illegal or uninspected livestock movement. Screwworm larvae feed on both dead and living tissue, causing severe wounds and death. The pest threatens both livestock and wildlife, with deer being particularly vulnerable. Cold winters can limit natural spread, but human-mediated jumps bypass that barrier. Livestock owners should inspect animals weekly and treat all wounds promptly. Few insecticides are approved for screwworm, and their effectiveness is short-lived. The Asian Longhorned Tick is a newly detected invasive species in Oklahoma. Cooperation between the U.S., Mexico, and Panama is key to keeping screwworm at bay. Time Stamps 00:02:04 – Introduction of Dr. Jonathan Cammack and defining “New World” Screwworm 00:03:17 – Historical presence and eradication in the U.S. 00:05:14 – The sterile fly release program explained 00:08:47 – Early detection challenges and illegal livestock movement 00:10:42 – Life cycle of the screwworm and why it’s so destructive 00:13:41 – Efforts to reopen production and distribution facilities 00:14:50 – Wildlife impacts, with focus on deer mortality 00:18:47 – Challenges in controlling wildlife-borne spread 00:21:06 – Life span, temperature limits, and seasonal spread 00:22:18 – Livestock management practices to reduce risk 00:24:01 – Approved insecticides and treatment limitations 00:27:13 – Update on the Asian Longhorned Tick in Oklahoma 00:30:27 – Why the current screwworm spread is different from past outbreaks 00:31:59 – Resources for producers and wildlife managers Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

In this episode, John Weir, Dr. Laura Goodman, and Dr. Mark Turner sit down for a conversation about Forest Stand Improvement (FSI) and how it plays a big role in shaping better wildlife habitats for deer, turkey, and quail—especially right here in Oklahoma. They swap stories and share how FSI differs from Timber Stand Improvement (TSI), and why even folks without marketable timber can still benefit from these management techniques. You’ll hear plenty of real-world advice—how to get more sunlight to the forest floor, which trees to keep or cut, and what tools make the job easier (spoiler: PlantNet and iNaturalist apps get some love). They also dig into strategies like girdling, hinge cutting, and selective herbicide use. And of course, no land management talk would be complete without prescribed fire. It's not just about burning—it’s about building a better future for your land. 10 Takeaways: Set clear wildlife goals—know if you're managing for deer, turkey, quail, or all three. FSI is about habitat, not harvest—focus on diversity, not timber value. Sunlight on the forest floor is key to encouraging beneficial plants. Learn your trees—ID skills help you decide what to cut and what to keep. Apps like PlantNet and iNaturalist are handy for identifying flora. Girdling and herbicide are go-to methods for thinning unwanted trees. Hinge cutting adds instant structure that wildlife, especially deer, love. Fire isn't the end—it's a tool to keep your habitat strong and Cedars at bay. Don't fear killing a few oaks—it's sometimes necessary for a better habitat. Mix and match your methods—it's okay to combine tools and tailor your strategy. Timestamps: 00:00 – Introduction to episode and host 02:07 – Forest Stand Improvement (FSI) explained 04:39 – Defining wildlife management objectives (deer, turkey, quail) 07:05 – Importance of considering property size and surrounding landscapes 09:52 – Tools and apps for plant identification (PlantNet, iNaturalist) 12:12 – Recommended guidebooks and Oklahoma State Extension web resources 14:33 – Importance of ongoing plant identification and landowner education 17:11 – Initial steps in forest management: assessing sunlight and tree density 18:25 – Explanation of basal area in forest management 20:01 – Techniques for tree management: girdling and herbicide application 22:29 – Herbicide mixtures and their proper application 26:00 – Advantages and considerations of girdling versus hack-and-squirt methods 27:01 – Explanation of hinge cutting and its benefits for wildlife habitats 32:28 – Special considerations for managing habitats specifically for quail 34:55 – Description and application of hack-and-squirt herbicide method 35:32 – Aerial herbicide application for large-scale forest management 37:18 – Importance of creating variable canopy density 38:33 – Prescribed fire: its crucial role in habitat maintenance 40:24 – Managing fire risks and considerations for snags (standing dead trees) 42:26 – Fire rotation and management practices to minimize wildfire risks 45:00 – Transforming leaf-litter fuel types to herbaceous plants through prescribed fire 46:22 – Historical context of fire management in Oklahoma’s forests 48:01 – Risks of cedar encroachment on turkey roosting trees and forest health 50:00 – Episode wrap-up and summary Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

In this episode of Blazin' Grazin' and Other Wild Things , hosts John Weir, Dr. Laura Goodman, and Dr. Mark Turner dig deep into the value of growing season burns. They discuss how summer fires, often underused due to misconceptions about safety, can be the most effective tool for land managers dealing with eastern redcedar, poor forage quality, and wildlife habitat degradation. Drawing on years of OSU Extension research and firsthand experience, they reveal how fire during the warmer months can be slower-moving and safer than many think. Listeners will learn how these burns enhance plant nutrition for both cattle and wildlife, why concerns about risk and liability are overblown, and how to plan burns that align with weather and vegetation goals. From practical strategies like creating wide firebreaks and managing brush piles to the science behind fire behavior and plant responses, this episode delivers insights that could reshape your approach to land stewardship. Key Takeaways: Growing season burns are highly effective at controlling larger eastern redcedar trees. Livestock and wildlife benefit from increased forage quality post-burn. Liability concerns around prescribed fire are largely based on perception, not data. Most spot fires are small and manageable; large escapes are extremely rare. Summer burns produce lower flames and slower-moving fires, enhancing safety. Wind and humidity are key parameters in planning a successful burn. Summer burns can expand the burning window, offering more flexibility for landowners. Proper planning, equipment, and training minimize risks and maximize effectiveness. Fire improves not only plant quality but also diet diversity for cattle and wildlife. Growing season fires offer better results than dormant burns in many cases. Timestamps: [00:02:00] What is a prescribed fire? Terminology and misconceptions [00:04:00] The main reasons people burn in the Great Plains [00:08:00] Forage quality and fire's impact on plant nutrition [00:13:00] Liability and risk—what the data says about escapes and claims [00:29:00] Cedar variability and how to burn effectively [00:36:00] Comparing dormant vs. growing season burns [00:43:00] Safety and practicality of summer burns [00:48:00] Rain timing, regrowth, and maximizing burn effectiveness Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

Oklahoma’s public lands don’t stay healthy by accident. In our latest episode, Jeff Pennington—Central Region Supervisor for the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation—details how his team shepherds more than 125,000 acres of WMAs with a heavy dose of prescribed fire, targeted grazing, and common-sense biology. Deer now headline the habitat bill, but everything from quail coveys to moist-soil wetlands benefits when fire keeps brush in check. Jeff shares what it takes to ignite 16,000-plus acres a year on a three-year rotation, why summer flames can be gentler than winter ones, and how ODWC’s burn crews coordinate like a home-grown fire association. If you manage land, hunt state ground, or simply enjoy Oklahoma’s prairies and oak breaks, Jeff’s mix of hard data and front-line stories—yes, including flaming pants—offers a master class in turning careful burns into better wildlife for all. Key Takeaways ODWC manages ~125k public acres across central OK. Prescribed fire averages 16–17k acres annually. Three-year intervals balance forage, fuel, and brush. Deer now drive most WMA habitat goals. Cross Timbers require different tactics than limestone prairies. Growing-season burns boost forbs, move cattle, and add diversity. Smoke-dispersion planning is critical near OKC & Tulsa. Burn crews act like an internal “PBA,” sharing gear and labor. Hunters largely support more fire; complaints come when work stops. Private landowners should lean on PBAs and agency tech assistance. Timestamps 00:00 – 00:45 Show open and light banter 00:46 – 03:30 Jeff’s background and 30-year ODWC career 03:31 – 06:15 Overview of Central-Region WMAs (≈ 125 k acres across five regions) 06:16 – 08:45 Deer now “king”; quail decline and shifting habitat priorities 08:46 – 11:30 Prescribed-fire program burning 16–17 k acres per year 11:31 – 14:15 Key habitat types: Cross Timbers and limestone prairies 14:16 – 17:30 Three-year burn rotation and grazing synergy 17:31 – 20:30 Expanded dormant-season burn window and timing logic 20:31 – 23:15 Growing-season burns—benefits, limits, and wildlife response 23:16 – 26:00 Crew logistics: ODWC’s “internal burn association” approach 26:01 – 29:00 Smoke-dispersion planning near OKC and Tulsa metro areas 29:01 – 31:15 Hunter perceptions then vs. now; increased support for fire 31:16 – 34:30 Landowner tips: Prescribed Burn Associations and agency assistance 34:31 – 36:45 Memorable burns, including the famous “pants-on-fire” moment 36:46 – 39:00 Final takeaways, thank-yous, and episode wrap-up Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

In this episode of Blazin’ Grazin’ and Other Wild Things , Josh Richardson from the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation unpacks the challenges and triumphs of managing wildlife habitat on the state’s overwhelmingly privately owned lands. With a background in both private and migratory species work, Josh brings a wealth of experience to the table—from quail tracking with GPS to helping landowners realistically match goals with land capacity. He highlights the importance of passion, persistence, and partnerships in building thriving ecosystems. Listeners will hear stories of grassroots conservation in action—friends clearing cedars, landowners creating firebreaks, and people even seeking to attract beavers. Josh walks through how to tap into Oklahoma's Wildlife Habitat Incentive Program (WHIP), explains how free assistance works, and reminds us that no acreage is too small to make a difference. Whether you’re new to land ownership or part of a multi-generational ranching family, this episode is filled with tools, tips, and inspiration for stewarding the land well. Timestamps 00:02:00 – Introduction to Josh Richardson and his role 00:03:50 – Background in wildlife and education 00:05:17 – Quail research and hunter behavior 00:07:26 – Private land conservation challenges 00:10:26 – Most requested wildlife species 00:13:46 – Social dynamics and landowner collaboration 00:15:04 – Case study: local habitat success story 00:17:33 – Recommendations for new landowners 00:22:36 – WHIP and cost-share programs overview 00:25:23 – Practices covered and custom project examples 00:31:38 – Misconceptions about cedar as habitat 00:34:54 – Program accessibility and how to get involved Key Takeaways 95% of Oklahoma's land is privately owned—making private landowners vital for wildlife conservation. The ODWC Private Lands team is small but highly active, providing free technical assistance statewide. Interest in wildlife-friendly land management is growing, especially among recreational landowners. Cost-share programs like WHIP support practices such as cedar removal, firebreaks, and wetland creation. Josh emphasizes the value of realistic goals and working with local context and constraints. Collaborative landowner efforts, like buddy systems for cedar cutting, can lead to large-scale impact. Misconceptions about cedar trees being prime wildlife cover persist but often mislead habitat goals. Absentee landowners can be easier to work with due to fewer entrenched practices or local norms. Even small-acreage landowners are eligible for help—no size limit for assistance. Good habitat work spreads through communities when neighbors see successful results. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com

In this episode of Blazin' Grazin' and Other Wild Things , we travel through the story of the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve with Bob Hamilton from The Nature Conservancy. Bob shares how this iconic Oklahoma landscape transitioned from a failed federal park plan to a flagship private conservation project. He recounts the acquisition of the land, the reintroduction of bison, and the development of a dynamic management model that utilizes fire and grazing to simulate natural prairie processes. Joining Oklahoma State University’s John Weir and Dr. Laura Goodman, Bob discusses how fire behaves on the prairie, how patch-burn grazing supports a variety of wildlife, and how GPS tracking has helped compare cattle and bison behavior. From historic land surveys to present-day fireline strategies, this conversation highlights decades of dedication to restoring and maintaining Oklahoma’s native grasslands. Ten Things You'll Learn The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve was established following a failed federal plan, leading to private conservation leadership. Bob Hamilton played a pivotal role in land acquisition and ecosystem restoration. The preserve uses a “managed chaos” approach to mimic natural fire-grazing interactions. Bison were reintroduced in 1993 with a genetically diverse, disease-free starter herd. Patch-burn grazing creates varied habitats that benefit different wildlife species. Historical vegetation maps indicate that the Cross Timbers forest existed in 1872 and remains extant today. Prescribed fires are conducted without traditional firebreaks, instead using water and topography to create a safe environment. GPS-collared studies show that cattle and bison gravitate toward recently burned areas due to the improved forage quality. Collaborative research with OSU has refined patch-burn grazing models and invasive species control. Diversity in prairie structure supports nesting birds, small mammals, and native plants. Find all resources at BlazinGrazinWildThings.com