Cold Steel: Canadian Journal of Surgery Podcast

AI is likely to change the way that medical and surgical education happens over the next decade. We needed to find out how, and Dr. Samir Grover joined us on this episode to talk about it. Dr. Samir Grover is a gastroenterologist, clinician-educator, and education researcher whose career has been defined by building the simulation and technology-enhanced learning infrastructure that trains the next generation of physicians, and by translating that work into national and international practice. He serves as Executive Vice-President, Academics at Scarborough Health Network (SHN), where he holds the hospital's inaugural Pialis Family Chair in Education. Samir and the Grover lab have really pivoted to study the impact of AI on medical education. In this episode, we take a deep dive into the implications of AI on medicine. Samir also talks to us about his current AI stack and how we might immediately start to use AI in our own practice. Links: Samir C. Grover | About | University of Toronto Samir Grover Substack: Samir C. Grover, MD | Substack AI empathy: AI empathy is artificial. But could that possibly be better. AI stack for med students or residents: The AI stack for the medical student or resident Neverskilling: Neverskilling - Samir C. Grover, MD Grover Lab: Grover Lab | Dr. Samir C. Grover | AI in Medical Education

Jeremy Heffner is a trauma and acute care surgeon at Lima Memorial Health System in Ohio. He is also the Chief Operating Officer of SurgeON, a social media company dedicated to surgeons. Heffner was also previously a bioengineer who worked at NIH. He has been incredibly open about his journey and struggles with PTSD as a surgeon, and how those struggles ultimately caused his breakdown. Sadly, Dr. Heffner's story is not unique, and we brought him on the podcast to hear his insights about how many surgeons struggle with PTSD. What is unique is Dr. Heffner's approach to dealing with his PTSD. His approach is outlined in his recently released book, Proof of the Impossible . Dr. Heffner used AI to try to find answers to many of the questions he had while struggling with burnout and PTSD. He had some very strange and unusual conversations with AI, including a moment where he felt the AI was having a "misalignment event", defined as when "AI acts in ways that go against human intent, safety, or core instructions". Our discussion spanned the gamut of PTSD in surgery, and how AI may or may not be a tool that can help with mental health and burnout. For me, the most powerful message Jeremy had for us was the power of human connection and also that the only way to deal with the hard things is to face them. We would just like to warn listeners that we do discuss some pretty traumatic things that Dr. Heffner experienced, and some of the description is pretty graphic. Also, we would always recommend professional help if you are dealing with mental illness, burnout, or suicidal ideation. We would love to hear your thoughts - do you think there is a role for AI in providing empathy to humans? Send us your feedback at podcast.cjs@gmail.com . Links: Source: LinkedIn https://share.google/yBOCofBF9BhotNeWh Pre-Order "Proof of the Impossible" https://share.google/w0jGPSiz9WLBstaqU SurgeON with Mark Soliman interview: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3znH6DkcDDcg7Zqyca2YSb?si=p3zoYYb_RCiNvL5hkX4l9g&utm_source=copy-link&sci=spotify%3Acard-config%3A0qjrdqA8ITGkKr0375x09R

This week's guest is Dr. Bishal Gyawali. Bishal is an oncologist at Queen's University and a policy researcher. His focus as a researcher has been both sensational and at the same time extremely fundamental. Bishal has been asking questions around how we decide which drugs are approved for funding by the government, as well as how we might best allocate resources to help cancer patients around the world. Bishal has been an integral part of the "Common Sense Oncology" movement, which will promote interventions that measurably improve the lives of patients, promoting effective treatments but also challenging interventions that might cause more harm than good. Our conversation focused around Bishal's training, how he became interested in cancer health policy and his thoughts around the idea of value in cancer care. We also discussed Bishal's thoughtful use of technology, blogs, and social media. Links: Grounded in Groundshot Podcast – Dr. Bishal Gyawali BG lab: Dr. Bishal Gyawali Common Sense Oncology: Home - Common Sense Oncology Mittal A, Kim MS, Dunn S, Wright K, Gyawali B. Frequently asked questions on surrogate endpoints in oncology-opportunities, pitfalls, and the way forward. EClinicalMedicine. 2024 Sep 13;76:102824. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102824. PMID: 39764569; PMCID: PMC11701476. Surrogate Endpoints: The 15 Most Common Misunderstandings in Oncology Cancer groundshot: Access to proven treatments must parallel development of new therapies Do Oncology Board Exams Make Us Better Doctors? Ending Medical Reversal: Ending Medical Reversal | Hopkins Press

In 2013, when I was a medical student, I wrote an essay entitled, #nomoretextbooks? for the Canadian Undergraduate Surgical Education Committee essay competition. In the essay I wrote, “Tomorrow, I start my vascular surgery rotation. Before bed tonight, I will watch a YouTube video of a femoral-popliteal bypass surgery, review the surgical anatomy from Zollinger’s Atlas of Surgical Operations on my iPad while waiting for my car tires to be changed, listen to a podcast on peripheral vascular disease while riding my exercise bike, and perhaps tweet about my new rotation.” At the time, I really felt strongly that the future of surgical textbooks would be virtual. To explore that future, I spoke with Tanner Schrank, the head of impact for the Journal of Medical Insight (also called JOMI). JOMI is a website that showcases a wide range of operations across multiple disciplines. What I really like about JOMI is the in-depth interviews that are done with surgeons before the operation, where the surgeon will describe their thought process and indications for the operation. The videos are also extraordinarily well filmed, often from multiple camera angles and with great detail. JOMI clearly offers a fantastic resource for residents and attendings to learn new surgical techniques. Tanner and I discuss the implications for a transition to a “virtual” textbook that is more reliant on video than an actual written textbook. I must caveat this episode by saying that I think there is pretty good evidence that reading something and actively trying to absorb information is more effective than passively viewing it. In other words, I am not totally convinced that you can effectively learn something by passively watching video. I think it’s important, especially for trainees, to learn actively. As the great expert on performance, Anders Ericsson said, deliberate practice, not just practice, is required to really acquire mastery. However, there is no question in my mind that video needs to augment the learning that we do as surgeons. At Queen’s, we use video review on a weekly basis to give residents and fellows feedback on how they can improve their technique. We would love to hear your thoughts. Do you think videos are the way of the future for surgical textbooks? Shoot us an email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com . Links: AMBOSS: Beyond the Textbook: amboss.com/int/internationalpodcast JOMI: https://jomi.com/ #nomoretextbooks: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/57/4/E119

In honor of National Nursing Week in Canada, which is May 11th to May 17th, we are re-releasing an early episode with Lauren Kiwan, nurse clinician for general surgery at the Foothills Medical Centre. Lauren shares what surgeons can do to improve the OR. Revisit this important episode with us. ___ Lauren Kirwan is the nurse clinician for general surgery at the Foothills Medical Centre. She is currently finishing up her nurse practitioner degree. We wanted to ask Lauren her thoughts about what it means to be an OR nurse and what she wishes surgeons would do to make the OR environment better. We also hear about the impact of COVID19 on our nursing colleagues. We’d love to hear from our nurse listeners – what are some things that make your day or make you mad in the operating room? Email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com with your thoughts and comments. Links: 1. Melinda Davis on the Anesthetist - Surgeon relationship: https://soundcloud.com/cjs-podcast/e40-melinda-davis-on-career-counseling-and-the-anesthetist-surgeon-relationship 2. Atul Gawande paper on Safe Surgery Checklist implementation in South Carolina. Perception of Safety of Surgical Practice Among Operating Room Personnel From Survey Data Is Associated With All-cause 30-day Postoperative Death Rate in South Carolina. https://journals.lww.com/annalsofsurgery/Abstract/2017/10000/Perception_of_Safety_of_Surgical_Practice_Among.14.aspx

I have a confession to make. I kind of felt that to talk about money or to be really into financial planning was akin to being the Wolf of Wall Street, where the only real principle was how much money I could make. After this week’s conversation with Dr. Mark Soth, I think of financial planning in a completely different way. In fact, I would argue that Dr. Soth provided on this episode some of the best advice on how to live in a truly fulfilling way. Dr. Soth is an intensivist at McMaster University. He has done significant work in the space of physician financial independence. He has a website called The Loonie Doctor as well as a limited run podcast called The Money Scope podcast. In this episode I basically ask Mark all the finance related questions I could think of, ranging from the utility of professional corporations in 2026 to tools for financial tracking. Most importantly, Mark explores how financial planning can help us all to life “the good life”. Check out all the resources and links from Mark in the show notes. Links: The Wealthy Barber The Money Scope Podcast The Loonie Doctor's Bookshelf : Mark’s favorite finance books beyond MD podcast with Dr. Yatin Chadha Breaking Bad Debt - Dr. Steph - YouTube Reboot Your Portfolio by Dan Bortolotti

While we hope that none of us “botch a surgery”, medico-legal concerns are issues that affect most surgeons at some point in their careers. Previously on the podcast, Dr. Richard Mimeault and Liise Honey spoke to us about the landscape of medico-legal concerns in surgery, and the anatomy of a lawsuit. In this episode, we talk about the CMPA's innovative approach to try to prevent errors from happening in the first place. Richard Mimeault and Elisabeth Normand join us to talk about "Theatre Arts", a workshop developed by the CMPA to help OR teams improve the quality of the care, and most importantly, improve the culture and dynamics of the team. In this episode we talk about the Theatre Arts workshop and how improving culture may have profound impacts on patient safety and satisfaction. Links: Theatre Arts workshop: https://www.cmpa-acpm.ca/en/education-events/workshops/workshop-theatre-arts CMPA x Cold Steel on Medicolegal risks for surgeons: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Mkw68prEP0 CMPA x Cold Steel – the Anatomy of a Lawsuit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LRUh95LauFw Contact the CMPA: https://www.cmpa-acpm.ca/en/connect/contact-us

Dr. Varun Kapila is a vascular surgeon in Brampton, Ontario. He is the author of “Six Lessons for Everyday Leadership: From the Operating Room Into Everyday Life, What Surgery Taught Me About Leadership That Can Be Applied by Everyone”. In this episode we delve into Dr. Kapila’s thoughts on leadership and why everyone can be a leader in their own lives. Links: https://www.amazon.ca/Six-Lessons-Everyday-Leadership-Operating-ebook/dp/B0GQWHNYFS https://learn.hms.harvard.edu/insights/learner-stories/driving-system-level-change-through-surgical-leadership https://ontariohealth.ca/clinical/cardiac-stroke-vascular/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm-program https://www.cmaj.ca/content/196/4/E112 https://www.thestar.com/news/hes-not-young-hes-my-doctor/article_bcec69e9-2822-54cf-bed1-c2322cefc558.html

For a newly graduated surgical resident, one of the most interesting and perplexing question that many folks have to deal with is a surprisingly simple one: what should a full-time surgical job look like? For many of us, we simply looked at what our predecessors job looked like, and modeled our own careers after them. This meant ensuring that our schedules were jam-packed with clinical activities every day, without much consideration for other aspects of our career (such as call and research, for example). At the beginning of March, the American College of Surgeons released a framework of standards of what they think reasonable expectations are for a surgeon’s job. We have the link to the paper in the shownotes. The ACS is the one of the largest surgical organizations in North America, and this standard framework they have put out is really a statement on what they think is necessary to ensure that surgeons have a sustainable career. They put out standards for call, access to the OR, access to clinic, resource access, inpatient census, clinical support, and even fatigue mitigation. Dr. Pat Murphy, trauma and acute care surgeon at the Medical College of Wisconsin, was a previous guest on the show to talk about his work trying to define what a full time acute care surgeon should look like. He actually brought this framework to our attention, and we invited him to join us once again on Cold Steel to discuss the implications of such a framework. We would love to hear your thoughts. Send us an email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com, or find us on X (@colsteelpod, @ameerfarooq & @pbatesmurphy) Resources from this episode: Wood, Douglas E MD, FACS, FRCSEd; Wolinsky, Philip R MD, FACS2; Dodgion, Christopher M MD, MSPH, MBA, FACS3; Farmer, Diana Lee MD4; Gantt, Nancy L MD, FACS5; Napolitano, Lena M MD, FACS, MAMSE6; Timmons, Shelly D MD, PhD, FACS. FAANS7; Welsh, David J MD, MBA, FACS8; Winfield, Robert D MD, FACS9; Bura, Connie BA10; Essig, Rachael MD11; Turner, Patricia L MD, MBA, FACS10. Developing Specialty-Specific Workplace Standards for Surgeons: A Framework to Support Sustainable Surgical Careers. Journal of the American College of Surgeons ():10.1097/XCS.0000000000001880, March 03, 2026. | DOI: 10.1097/XCS.0000000000001880 https://www.facs.org/for-medical-professionals/news-publications/news-and-articles/acs-brief/march-3-2026-issue/acs-releases-workplace-standards-framework-to-support-sustainable-surgical-careers/ Pat Murphy on Cold Steel: https://www.canjsurg.ca/content/e184-pat-murphy-workforce-planning-acute-care-surgery https://calnewport.com/

Paul Fedak is a cardiac surgeon and translational scientist at the University of Calgary. He has written and spoken about what it means to pursue excellence and what it might cost us. Dr. Fedak unexpectedly had to cut short his clinical career as a surgeon due to spinal cord issues. The result has been a powerful exploration about identity, meaning, burnout and the pursuit of excellence. This is a conversation about that pursuit. Bio: https://profiles.ucalgary.ca/paul-fedak Links: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-as-a-heart-surgeon-i-chased-excellence-it-cost-me-my-body-and-my-mind/ http://paulfedak.com/ https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_fedak_beyond_mastery_how_a_heart_surgeon_found_his_own_heart https://calgaryherald.com/opinion/columnists/opinion-the-mountain-decides-who-goes-and-who-stays

It's that time of year again. Can you sense it? The anticipation, the anxiety, the dread, the wracking of heart and head? Yes, it's almost time for final year Canadian medical students across the country to submit their rank lists to CaRMS. On this episode we explore the history of CaRMS and the underlying matching algorithms. We then talk about some of our top tips when building your CaRMS rank list. What do you think? How did you make your rank list? Send us an email at podcast.cjs@gmail.com . Links: Young TA. Teaching medical students to lie. The disturbing contradiction: medical ideals and the resident-selection process. CMAJ. 1997 Jan 15;156(2):219-22. PMID: 9012725; PMCID: PMC1226912. https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.queensu.ca/articles/PMC1226912/ https://pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.queensu.ca/articles/PMC1226912/ Roth AE. The origins, history, and design of the resident match. JAMA. 2003 Feb 19;289(7):909-12. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.7.909. PMID: 12588278. https://impact.stanford.edu/article/how-does-applied-economics-maximize-kidney-transplants Cal Newport’s books: https://calnewport.com/writing/

This Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery (EBRS) webinar was filmed November 2025. This webinar was moderated by Dr. Alison Laws and Dr. Ameer Farooq, and featured panelists Dr. Nicole Culos-Reed, Dr. Christopher Booth and Dr. Bishal Gyawali. In this EBRS webinar, we discussed Structured Exercise after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer (Courneya et al., 2025). Links: Courneya KS, Vardy JL, O’Callaghan CJ, et al. Structured Exercise after Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer. N Engl J Med . 2025;393(1):13-25. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2502760

This Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery (EBRS) webinar was filmed July 2025. This webinar was moderated by Dr. Kelly Vogt and Dr. Chad Ball, and featured panelists Dr. Bourke Tillmann and Dr. Emilie Joos. In this EBRS webinar, we discussed Getting out of the bay faster: Assessing trauma team performance using trauma video review" (Maiga et al., 2024). Links: Maiga AW, Vella MA, Appelbaum RD, et al. Getting out of the bay faster: Assessing trauma team performance using trauma video review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg . 2024;96(1):76-84. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000004168

This Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery (EBRS) webinar was filmed May 2025. This webinar was moderated by Dr. Alison Laws and Dr. Kerollos Wanis, and featured panelists Dr. Stephanie Wong, Dr. Sarah Knowles and Dr. Rebecca Warburton. In this EBRS webinar, we discussed Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer--Primary Results of the INSEMA Trial (Reimer et al., 2024) & Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs No Axillary Surgery in Patients With Small Breast Cancer and Negative Results on Ultrasonography of Axillary Lymph Nodes (Gentilini et al., 2023). Links: Gentilini, O. D., Botteri, E., Sangalli, C., Galimberti, V., Porpiglia, M., Agresti, R., Luini, A., Viale, G., Cassano, E., Peradze, N., Toesca, A., Massari, G., Sacchini, V., Munzone, E., Leonardi, M. C., Cattadori, F., Di Micco, R., Esposito, E., Sgarella, A., Cattaneo, S., … SOUND Trial Group (2023). Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs No Axillary Surgery in Patients With Small Breast Cancer and Negative Results on Ultrasonography of Axillary Lymph Nodes: The SOUND Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA oncology, 9(11), 1557–1564. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.3759 Reimer, T., Stachs, A., Veselinovic, K., Kühn, T., Heil, J., Polata, S., Marmé, F., Müller, T., Hildebrandt, G., Krug, D., Ataseven, B., Reitsamer, R., Ruth, S., Denkert, C., Bekes, I., Zahm, D. M., Thill, M., Golatta, M., Holtschmidt, J., Knauer, M., … Gerber, B. (2025). Axillary Surgery in Breast Cancer – Primary Results of the INSEMA Trial. The New England journal of medicine, 392(11), 1051–1064. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2412063

This Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery (EBRS) webinar was filmed January 2022, in collaboration with UNITAR. This webinar was moderated by Dr. Chad Ball and Dr. Neel Detta, and featured panelists Dr. Keith Lillemoe, Dr. Majella Doyle and Dr. Jeff Barkun. In this EBRS webinar, we discussed Safe Cholecystectomy Multi-society Practice Guideline and State of the Art Consensus Conference on Prevention of Bile Duct Injury During Cholecystectomy (Brunt et al., 2020). Links: Brunt LM, Deziel DJ, Telem DA, et al. Safe Cholecystectomy Multi-society Practice Guideline and State of the Art Consensus Conference on Prevention of Bile Duct Injury During Cholecystectomy. Ann Surg . 2020;272(1):3-23. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000003791

This Evidence Based Reviews in Surgery (EBRS) webinar was filmed February 2025. This webinar was moderated by Dr. Kelly Vogt and Dr. Chad Ball, and featured panelists Dr. James Byrne, Dr. Kimberly Bertens and Dr. Sean Gregg. In this EBRS webinar, we discussed Restrictive Strategy vs Usual Care for Cholecystectomy in Patients with Abdominal Pain and Gallstones: 5-Year Follow-Up of the SECURE Randomized Clinical Trial (Comes et al., 2024). Links: Comes DJ, Wennmacker SZ, Latenstein CSS, et al. Restrictive Strategy vs Usual Care for Cholecystectomy in Patients With Abdominal Pain and Gallstones: 5-Year Follow-Up of the SECURE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg . 2024;159(11):1235-1243. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2024.3080

The William Ersil Research day invited guest and moderator for 2025 was Dr. Krista Goulding. Dr. Goulding is an Orthopedic Surgeon at Mayo Clinic Arizona, where she specializes in caring for patients with sarcomas and other cancerous and non-cancerous tumors of the musculoskeletal system. Dr. Goulding’s expertise is in limb preservation surgery using innovative techniques (synthetic and bone transplants, 3D printed and patient-specific implants, joint replacement). Her goal is to cure cancer while preserving function and quality of life. She is involved in research on a national and international scale, and is currently researching ways to improving surgical, oncologic and health-related quality of life outcomes for patients with malignant bone and soft tissue cancers. In this “How I Built This” segment of the research day, we explored Dr. Goulding’s career. Links: What are the 2-year survivorship outcomes of custom hemipelvis reconstruction after hemipelvectomy and revision arthroplasty? The evolution of a custom ilium "monoflange". https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.queensu.ca/36255157/ Košir U, Denis-Larocque G, Tsimicalis A, Freeman C, Turcotte RE, Cury F, Alcindor T, Goulding K. Psychological functioning, coping styles and their relationship to appraisal of physical limitations following invasive surgical procedures for soft-tissue sarcoma: A qualitative study. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jun;121(8):1266-1275. doi: 10.1002/jso.25915. Epub 2020 Mar 27. PMID: 32221986.

Surgery has never been more complicated. The variety of surgical approaches and the complexity of treatment continue to grow exponentially, yet in many institutions, surgical training has not really changed. Dr. Adnan Alseidi, our guest for this episode, is trying to change that. Dr. Adnan Alseidi is a liver and pancreas surgeon at UCSF and is the associate dean of assessment, improvement, and accreditation. He recently gave the Langer lecture at the Canadian Surgical Forum in Montreal this year about surgical education and the path from novice to master. This episode was really a moment for us to ask all our burning questions about surgical education. What are the phases of mastery? Should we really be aiming for mastery? And how do we create trust between attending and trainees? We’d love to hear your thoughts and comments, so email us at podcast.cjs@gmail.com . Links: Medical school accreditation is outdated. WSJ. https://www.wsj.com/opinion/medical-school-accreditation-is-outdated-holds-back-innovation-nyu-98fe80bd https://www.canadiansurgeryforum.com/biographies An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust. Roger C. Mayer , James H. Davis , F. David Schoorman . The Academy of Management Review , Vol. 20, No. 3 (Jul., 1995), pp. 709-734 (26 pages). https://www.jstor.org/stable/258792 Ericsson. https://share.google/bRhcSSC7sKKp9bX9b The Five-Stage Model of Adult Skill Acquisition. Dreyfus model. https://share.google/2GSuypiGKExQMeMPX Wicked problems! Horst W. J. Rittel & Melvin M. Webber . Dilemmas in a general theory of planning The Book Of Joy: Lasting Happiness In A Changing World. Dalai Lama , Desmond Tutu , Douglas Carlton Abrams

Dr. Teresa Purzner MD PhD FRCSC is a clinician scientist neurosurgeon with a special interest in neuroncology and general neurosurgery. She completed her residency training at the University of Toronto, and her PhD training at Stanford University. Her lab, run jointly with her husband Dr. James Purzner, is focused on interdisciplinary approaches to identifying novel drug targets for brain cancer as well as the translation of promising new drug targets into human-ready therapeutics. Her work has led to the identification of a critical new drug target in the brain tumor medulloblastoma – a discovery that she has since translated into a novel drug for both brain cancer and skin cancer, currently being tested in phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials. This work has resulted in her being named a Stanford Interdisciplinary Graduate fellow, Biox fellow and SPARK fellow, and has earned her both national and international recognition including the Annual Award of the American Academy of Neurological Surgery, the K.G. McKenzie prize for Basic Science Research, AANS Louise Eisenhardt Award and the Neurosurgery Research and Education Fellowship. She is a mom, an entrepreneur, and design-thinker, having created her own baby food company as well as redesigned the Integrated Brain Tumor Program. Links: Integrated Brain Tumor Program: https://surgery.queensu.ca/administration/announcements/integrative-brain-tumor-program-achieving-best-class-patient-outcomes https://www.ibtp.ca/purzner-lab https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/economy/article-how-a-neurosurgeon-used-her-entrepreneurial-background-to-revamp-a/

Dr. Patrick Murphy is a trauma and acute care surgeon at Medical College of Wisconsin. In this episode we discuss his recent paper, “Understaffed and overworked: The stark reality of acute care surgeon staffing in the United States, an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study.” This conversation turned into more than just a discussion around workforce planning, but also around how surgeons are compensated and surgical culture. Links: Murphy, Patrick B. MD, MPH, MSc; Coleman, Jamie J. MD; et al; The ACS Staffing Authorship Group. Understaffed and overworked: The stark reality of acute care surgeon staffing in the United States, an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma multicenter study. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery ():10.1097/TA.0000000000004700, July 4, 2025. | DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004700 Murphy PB, Nahmias J, Bonne S, Coleman J, de Moya M. Defining the acute care surgeon: American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) panel discussion on full-time employment, compensation and career trajectory. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2024 Sep 30;9(1):e001500. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2024-001500. PMID: 39363886; PMCID: PMC11448165. Murphy PB, Coleman J, Karam B, Morris RS, Figueroa J, de Moya M. A national study defining 1.0 full-time employment in trauma and acute care surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Apr 1;92(4):648-655. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003504. PMID: 34936589. Murphy PB, Coleman J, Maring M, Pokrzywa C, Deshpande D, Al Tannir AH, Biesboer EA, Morris RS, Figueroa J, de Moya M. Early career acute care surgeons' priorities and perspectives: A mixed-methods analysis to better understand full-time employment. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Dec 1;95(6):935-942. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004037. Epub 2023 Jun 15. PMID: 37418689. Smith RN, Freedberg M, Bailey J, DeMoya M, Goldberg A, Staudenmayer K. The importance and benefits of defining full-time equivalence in the field of acute care surgery. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2024 Jul 4;9(1):e001307. doi: 10.1136/tsaco-2023-001307. PMID: 38974220; PMCID: PMC11227842. Robinson C, Lawless R, Zarzaur BL, Timsina L, Feliciano DV, Coleman JJ. Physiologic stress among surgeons who take in-house call. Am J Surg. 2019 Dec;218(6):1181-1184. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.08.023. Epub 2019 Sep 19. PMID: 31570199. Adi Kumar on Cold Steel: https://open.spotify.com/episode/52Hg2cCLGLZejD0QSfI9le?si=xSHFcSrPRdOOZ_RT_QWsAA